Tiếng ViệtOn June 17, 2020, the National Assembly issued Enterprise Law No. 59/2020/QH14 (“Law on Enterprises 2020”), replacing the Law on Enterprises 2014, effective from January 1, 2021. Some notable points in the new Law are as follows:
- Adding more entities prohibited from establishing and managing enterprises
In detail, the 2020 Law on Enterprises is supplemented with more entities prohibited from establishing and managing enterprises, including:
- Persons who have cognitive and behavioral difficulties;
- Police workers serving in agencies and units of the People’s Police of Vietnam (except for those who are appointed as authorized representatives to manage the State’s contributed capital at enterprises);
- Entities which are legal commercial persons prohibited from business and operation in certain particular sectors prescribed in the Penal Code.
- Abolishing regulations regarding notification of corporate stamp specimens before use.
The Law sets forth regulations on corporate stamps as follows:
- Corporate stamps comprise those that may be engraved by stamp carving service businesses or those that exist in the form of digital signatures prescribed in the law on electronic transactions.
- Enterprises may, on their own initiative, decide on the type of their corporate stamp, quantity of their corporate stamps and information shown on stamps of their own, branches or representative offices and other affiliates.
- Handling and custody or storage of corporate stamps must conform to regulations included in charters of enterprises holding corporate stamps or rules adopted by enterprises holding corporate stamps themselves, their branches, representative offices or other affiliates. Enterprises must use their corporate stamps in transactions required by law.
This means that, in comparison with regulations on corporate stamps enshrined in the 2014 Law on Enterprises, the newly-adopted Law invalidates the regulation: “Before use of corporate stamps, enterprises are obligated to inform business registries of their corporate stamp specimens so that they are publicly posted on the National Corporate Registration Portal”.
- Shortening time limit for prior notice of temporary business suspension from 2021
As prescribed in Clause 1 of Article 200 in the 2014 Law on Enterprises, No later than 15 days before their business suspension or resumption, enterprises may suspend their business, but must inform business registries in writing of the start date and the duration of their business suspension or the deadline for their business resumption. This regulation applies in case the notifying enterprise resumes its business before the notified duration of business suspension.
However, upon the entry into force of 2020 Law on Enterprises, time limit for prior notice of temporary business suspension will be reduced. This is covered in the regulation included in this Law under which, not later than 3 working days before their temporary business suspension or resumption, enterprises are obliged to inform business registries in writing of the date of their business suspension or resumption before the notified duration.
This means that the time limit for prior notification of temporary business suspension will be shortened from the maximum of 15 to 3 working days.
- Adding more application requirements for registration for inception of limited liability companies and joint stock companies
Compared to the Enterprise Law 2014, the 2020 Law on Enterprises sets out regulations under which application documentation for registration for inception of limited liability companies (Article 21) or joint stock companies (Article 22) must include copies of legal documents of legal representatives which are similar to those of members of limited liability companies and founding shareholders of joint stock companies.
- Imposing an additional regulation regarding non-voting depository receipts
Compared to the 2014 Law on Enterprises, the 2020 Law on Enterprises includes an additional regulation on regarding non-voting depository receipts as follows:
Ordinary shares used as underlying assets for issuing non-voting depository certificates are referred to as underlying ordinary shares. Non-voting depository certificates have economic benefits and obligations corresponding to underlying ordinary shares, except voting rights.
The Government will regulate non-voting depository receipts.
- Imposing the exception regulation on business closure occurring due to revocation of enterprise registration certificates
As stipulated in Point d of clause 1 of Article 207 in the 2020 Law on Enterprises, “An enterprise shall be dissolved if its enterprise registration certificate is revoked, unless otherwise provided in the Law on Tax Administration.”
This regulation ensures consistency with the equivalent one set out in the Law on Tax Administration.
- Changing the “state enterprise” definition
As defined in clause 11 of Article 4 in the 2020 Law on Enterprises, state enterprises includes enterprises of which 50 percent of the charter capital or total voting shares is held by the State as provided in Article 88 in this Law.
- Amending the regulation on disposition of contributed capital shares in certain special cases
In detail, the existing regulations on the disposition of contributed capital shares in certain special cases are amended and supplemented as follows:
– If any member has limited capacity or lost capacity to perform civil act, has difficulty in cognitive and behavioral control, rights and obligations of that member in the company will be carried out through a representative. (The existing regulation prescribes that such rights and obligations may be carried out through guardians).
– In case a member gives a part or the whole of the contributed capital in a company to another person, the grantee will become a member of that company according to the following provisions:
+ If the grantee is an heir under the provisions of the Civil Code, this heir will automatically become a member of the company by default; (The existing regulation stipulates that the spouse, parent, child, or relative third in the line of succession, of the grantor is the member of the company by default…)
+ Unless the grantee is the subject of application of Point a of Clause 6 of Article 53, that person will only become a member of the company upon approval from the Board of Directors.
– An additional regulation prescribes that, in case a company’s member is an individual held in detention, serving a prison sentence, is currently subject to administrative enforcement measures at a compulsory detoxification establishment or compulsory re-education establishment, that member may authorize others to perform some or all of their rights and obligations at the company.
– An additional regulation prescribes that, in case a member of a company is an individual banned from practicing certain jobs or works by the Court or a company’s member is a legal commercial entity banned by the Court from doing business or operating in certain activities belonging to their business lines, he/she cannot do business or practice these banned jobs or works at that company, or the company temporarily suspends or terminates the relevant business line in accordance with the Court’s decision.
- Amending the regulation regarding common shareholder’s rights
As prescribed in the 2014 Law on Enterprises, a shareholder or a group of shareholders must own 10% or more of total common ordinary shares for at least 6 consecutive months, or own a smaller percentage thereof as stipulated in the company’s charter to hold the rights prescribed in Clause 2 of Article 114 in this Law.
However, as prescribed in the 2020 Law on Enterprises, a shareholder or a group of shareholders must own 5% or more of total common ordinary shares for at least 6 consecutive months, or own a lesser percentage thereof as stipulated in the company’s charter to hold the rights granted to common shareholders prescribed in Clause 2 of Article 115 in this Law.
- Possibly transforming sole proprietorships into limited liability companies, joint stock companies or partnerships
According to Article 205 of the Enterprise Law 2020, a sole proprietorship company may be converted into a limited liability company, a joint stock company or a partnership under its owner’s decision if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
– The converted company must fully meet the conditions prescribed in Clause 1 of Article 27 in this Law;
– The owner of a sole proprietorship company is committed in writing to take personal responsibility with all of his assets for all unpaid debts and to pay in full the debts due;
– The owner of a sole proprietorship company has a written agreement with the parties of the undischarged contracts about the converted company’s acceptance and continued execution of those contracts;
– The owner of a sole proprietorship company makes a written commitment or has a written agreement with other capital-contributing members about the admission and employment of existing employees of that company.
Currently, the 2014 Enterprise Law only covers the transformation of sole proprietorship companies into limited liability companies.
